Abstract Background The F- and V-type ATPases are rotary molecular machines that couple translocation of protons or sodium ions across the membrane to the synthesis or hydrolysis of ATP. Both the F-type (found in most bacteria and eukaryotic mitochondria and chloroplasts) and V-type (found in archaea. some bacteria. and eukaryotic vacuoles) ATPases can translocate either protons or so... https://www.roneverhart.com/HP-15-fc0093dx-15-6-FHD-Laptop-AMD-Ryzen-5-7520U-2-8-GHz-AMD-Radeon-16GB-LPDDR5-256GB-SSD-Windows-11-Home-S-8F1A6UA/